Culture and Parenting
In this research program, I work with scholars from all over the globe to study similarities and differences in parenting patterns in early childhood across cultural contexts using video observation methods. At this point, the team has collected over 10,000 hours of video materials from 25 countries. The main framework guiding this research is attachment theory, specifically focusing on the role of caregivers' sensitive responsiveness.
The overall picture that emerges from this program is one of Universality without Uniformity: We find that key attachment-related caregiving and socialization processes are universal but have culture-specific manifestations. The insights from this program contribute to lectures and workshops on the cultural normativity of childrearing for family care professionals who work in multicultural settings.
Dutch tags: cultuur, opvoeding, jeugdzorg, gezinsondersteuning, observatie
Featured publications
Two papers outlining the main theoretical framework for the notion of Universality without Uniformity when it comes to early childhood sensitive responsiveness.
Mesman, J., Minter, T., Angnged, A., Cissé, I. A. H., Salali, G. D., & Migliano, A. B. (2018). Universality without uniformity: A culturally inclusive approach to sensitive responsiveness in infant caregiving. Child Development, 89(3), 837-850. doi: 10.1111/cdev.12795
Mesman, J. (2018). Sense and sensitivity: A response to the commentary by Keller et al. (2018). Child Development, 89(5), 1929-1931. doi:10.1111/cdev.13030
A special issue with 7 empirical studies with my international collaborators based on video observations of parenting in Peru, Kenya, Yemen, Indonesia, Brazil, Iran, and South Africa.
Mesman, J. (2021). Video observations of sensitive caregiving ‘off the beaten track’: Introduction to the special issue. Attachment and Human Development, 23:2, 115-123, DOI: 10.1080/14616734.2020.1828511
Three chapters about culture and attachment theory:
Mesman, J. (2021). Attachment theory’s university claims: asking different questions. In: R.A. Thompson, J.A. Simpson & L.J. Berlin (Eds.), Attachment. The fundamental questions, pp. 245-251. New York, NY: Guilford.
Mesman, J., & Emmen, R.A.G. (in press). Cultural perspectives on parenting. In: V.A. Weekes-Shackelford, & T.K. Shackelford (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology and Parenting, pp. x – x. New York: Oxford University Press.
Mesman, J., Van IJzendoorn, M. H., Sagi-Schwartz, A. (2016). Cross-cultural patterns of attachment. Universal and contextual dimensions. In: J. Cassidy & P. Shaver (Eds). Handbook of attachment. Theory, research, and clinical applications, 3rd edition (pp. 852-877). New York, NY: Guilford.
Featured activities and resources
Podcastserie (Dutch)
In the podcastserie Interculturele Pedagogiek I speak with nine professionals who work with parents and youth in intercultural settings.
Training for professionals
I provide training and workshops for international teams of researchers and professionals, to reflect on the cultural normativity of parenting, making use of many video examples.
Parenting across cultures and in the Global South
Li, W., Devine R.T., Ribner A., Emmen, R. A., Woudstra, M. L. J., Branger, M.C.E., Wang, L., van Ginkel, J.R., Alink, L.R., Mesman, J., (in press). The Role of Infant Attention and Parental Sensitivity in Infant Cognitive Development in the Netherlands and China, Journal of Experimental Child Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2021.105324
Li, W., Emmen, R. A., Woudstra, M. L. J., Branger, M.C.E., Wang, L., Alink, L.R., Mesman, J., (in press). The Role of Grandparental Sensitivity and Parental Sensitivity in Infant Cognitive Development in China: A Pilot Study. Journal of Child and Family Studies. DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2021.105324
Pitillas, C., Berástegui, A., Halty, A., Rodríguez, P., Kamara, M. & Mesman, J. (in press). Enhancing maternal sensitivity in contexts of urban extreme poverty in Sierra Leone (a pilot study). Infant Mental Health Journal.
Mesman, J., & Emmen, R.A.G. (in press). Cultural perspectives on parenting. In: V.A. Weekes-Shackelford, & T.K. Shackelford (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology and Parenting, pp. x – x. New York: Oxford University Press.
Mesman, J. (2021). Attachment theory’s university claims: asking different questions. In: R.A. Thompson, J.A. Simpson & L.J. Berlin (Eds.), Attachment. The fundamental questions, p. 245-251. New York: Guilford.
Lohndorf, R., Vermeer, H.J., De LaHarpe, C., & Mesman, J. (2021). Socioeconomic status, parental beliefs, and parenting practices as predictors of preschoolers’ school readiness and executive functions in Chile. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 57, 61-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2021.05.001.
Kitagawa, M., Iwamoto, S., Umemura, T., Kudo, S., Kazui, M., Matsuura, H., & Mesman, J. (2021). Attachment-based intervention improves Japanese parent-child relationship quality: A pilot study. Current Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-01297-9.
Woudstra, M. J., Emmen, R. A. G., Alink, L. R. A., Wang, L., Branger, M. C. E., & Mesman, J. (2021). Attitudes about child maltreatment in China and the Netherlands. Child Abuse and Neglect, 112, 104900. DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104900.
Mesman, J., Branger, M., Woudstra, M., Emmen, R., Asanjarani, F., Carcamo, R., Hsiao, C., Mels, C., Selcuk, B., Soares, I., Van Ginkel, J., Wang, L., Yavuz, M., & Alink, L. R. A. (2020). Crossing Boundaries: A pilot study of maternal attitudes about child maltreatment in nine countries. Child Abuse and Neglect, 99. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104257
Li, W., Woudstra M. J., Branger M. C. E., Wang L., Alink L. R. A., Mesman J., & Emmen R. A. G. (2019). The effect of still-face paradigm on infant behavior: a cross-cultural comparison between mothers and fathers. Infancy, 24(6), 893-910. https://doi.org/10.1111/infa.12313
Wang, L., Emmen, R. A. G., Mesman, J. (2019). Beliefs About Sensitive Parenting Among Chinese Cross-Generational Caregivers: The Mediating Role of Education. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 90, 385-402. Doi: 10.1177/0091415019836103
Branger, M. C. E., Emmen, R. A. G., Woudstra, M. J., Alink, L. R. A., & Mesman, J. (2019). Context matters: Maternal and paternal sensitivity to infants in four settings. Journal of Family Psychology, 33(7), 851-856. Doi: 10.1037/fam0000562
Alsarhi, K., Rahma, Prevoo, M. J. L., Alink, L. R. A., Mesman, J. (2019). Maternal harsh physical parenting and child behavioural problems in religious families in Yemen. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16, 1484. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16091485
Mesman, J. (2021). Video observations of sensitive caregiving ‘off the beaten track’: Introduction to the special issue. Attachment and Human Development, 23, 115-123, DOI: 10.1080/14616734.2020.1828511
Mesman, J., Basweti, N., & Misati, J. (2021). Sensitive infant caregiving among the rural Gusii in Kenya. Attachment and Human Development, 23, 124 - 133.
https://doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2020.1828512
Fourment, K., Nóblega, M., Conde, G., Nuñez del Prado, J., & Mesman, J. (2021). Maternal sensitivity in rural Andean and Amazonian Peru. Attachment and Human Development, 23, 134-148. DOI: 10.1080/14616734.2020.1828515
Dawson, N., Bain, K., & Mesman, J. (2021). Observing maternal sensitivity in a South African township: an exploratory study into behavioral features using different measures. Attachment and Human Development, 23, 150-163. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2020.1828531
Asanjarani, F., Davoud Abadi, F., Ghomi, M., Mesman, J. (2021). Video observations of maternal sensitivity in urban and rural Iran. Attachment and Human Development, 23, 164-175. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2020.1828532
Alsarhi, K., Rahma, Prevoo, M. J. L., Alink, L. R. A., & Mesman, J. (2021). Observing sensitivity in slums in Yemen: The veiled challenge. Attachment and Human Development, 23, 176-187. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2020.1828540
Ribeiro-Accioly, A. C. L., Seidl-de-Moura, M. L., Fernandes Mendes, D. M. L., & Mesman, J. (2021). Maternal sensitivity in mother-infant interactions in Rio de Janeiro – Brazil. Attachment and Human Development, 23, 188-198. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2020.1828543
Rahma, Alsarhi, K., Prevoo, M. J. L., Alink, L. R. A., & Mesman, J. (2021). Sensitive parenting in urban slums in Makassar, Indonesia: the roles of experienced child maltreatment and sociodemographic risk . Attachment and Human Development, 23, 199-211. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2020.1828546
Mesman, J. (2021). Video observations of sensitivity in context: Integrating insights from seven cultural communities. Attachment and Human Development, 23, 212-221. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2020.1828547
Mesman, J. (2018). Sense and sensitivity: A response to the commentary by Keller et al. (2018). Child Development, 89(5), 1929-1931. doi:10.1111/cdev.13030
Loehndorff, R. T., Vermeer, H. J., Carcamo, R. A., Mesman, J. (2018). Preschoolers’ vocabulary acquisition in Chile: The roles of socioeconomic status and quality of home environment. Journal of Child Language, 45(3), 559-580. doi: 10.1017/S0305000917000332
Mesman, J., Minter, T., Angnged, A., Cissé, I. A. H., Salali, G. D., & Migliano, A. B. (2018). Universality without uniformity: A culturally inclusive approach to sensitive responsiveness in infant caregiving. Child Development, 89(3), 837-850. doi: 10.1111/cdev.12795
Sichimba, F., Mooya, H., & Mesman, J. (2016). Predicting Zambian grandmothers’ sensitivity towards their grandchildren. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 85(2), 185-203. doi: 10.1177/0091415016680070.
Garfield, C. F., & Mesman, J, (2016). Time and money: Extending fathers’ role in economically challenging contexts. Pediatrics, 138, e20162456. doi: 10.1542/peds.2016-2456. (invited commentary)
Mesman, J., Minter, T., Angnged, A. (2016). Received sensitivity: Adapting Ainsworth’s scale to capture sensitivity in a multiple-caregiver context. Attachment and Human Development, 18(2), 101-114. doi: 10.1080/14616734.2015.1133681
Mesman, J., Van IJzendoorn, M. H., Sagi-Schwartz, A. (2016). Cross-cultural patterns of attachment. Universal and contextual dimensions. In: J. Cassidy & P. Shaver (Eds). Handbook of attachment. Theory, research, and clinical applications, 3rd edition (pp. 852-877). New York, NY: Guilford.
Mesman, J., Van IJzendoorn, M. H., Behrens, K., Carbonell, O. A., Carcamo, R., Cohen-Paraira, I, . . . Zreik, G. (2016). Is the ideal mother a sensitive mother? Beliefs about early childhood parenting in mothers across the globe. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 40(5), 385-397. doi: 1 0.1177/0165025415594030
Wang, L., & Mesman, J. (2015). Child Development in the face of rural-to-urban migration in China: A meta-analytic review. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 10(6), 813-831. doi: 10.1177/1745691615600145
Negrão, M., Pereira, M., Soares I., & Mesman, J. (2015). Maternal attachment representation in relation to emotional availability and discipline behavior. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 13(1), 121-137. doi: 10.1080/17405629.2015.1071254
Ekmekci, H., Yavuz-Muren, H. M., Emmen, R. A. G., Mesman, J., Van IJzendoorn, M. H., Yagmurlu, B., & Malda, M. (2015). Professionals' and mothers' beliefs about maternal sensitivity across cultures: Toward effective interventions in multicultural societies. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24(5), 1295-1306. doi: 10.1007/s10826-014-9937-0
Pereira, M., Mariana, M., Soares, I., & Mesman, J. (2015). Predicting harsh discipline in at-risk mothers: The moderating effect of socioeconomic deprivation severity. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24(3), 725–733. doi: 10.1007/s10826-013-9883-2
Pereira, M., Negrao, M., Soares, I., & Mesman, J. (2014). Decreasing harsh discipline in mothers at risk for maltreatment: A randomized control trial. Infant Mental Health Journal, 35(6), 604-613. doi: 10.1002/imhj.21464
Negrao, M., Pereira, M., Soares, I., Mesman, J. (2014). Enhancing positive parent-child interactions and family functioning in a poverty sample: A randomized control trial. Attachment and Human Development, 16(4), 315-328. doi: 10.1080/14616734.2014.912485
Mesman, J., & Emmen, R. A. G. (2013). Mary Ainsworth’s legacy: A systematic review of observational instruments measuring parental sensitivity. Attachment and Human Development, 15(5-6), 485-506. doi: 10.1080/14616734.2013.820900
Parenting in the Global North
Flameling, L.J. & Mesman, J. (in press). Using Video Observation in the Family Context: The Association Between Camera-Related Behaviors and Parental Sensitivity. Infancy
Geeraerts, S.B., Endendijk, J.J., Deković, M., Huijding, J., Deater-Deckard, K., & Mesman, J. (in press). Inhibitory control across the preschool years: Developmental changes and associations with parenting. Child Development.
Beckerman, M., van Berkel, S. R., Mesman, J., Huffmeijer, R., & Alink, L. R. A. (2019). Are Negative parental attributions predicted by situational stress? From a theoretical assumption toward an experimental answer. Child Maltreatment, 1(11). Doi: 10.1177/1077559519879760
Van der Veek, S., De Graaf, C., De Vries, J., Jager, G., Vereijken, C., Weenen, H., . . . Mesman, J. (2019). Baby's First Bites: A randomized controlled trial to assess the effects of vegetable-exposure and sensitive feeding on vegetable acceptance, eating behavior and weight gain in infants and toddlers. BMC Pediatrics, 19(1). Doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-019-1627-z
Camfferman, R., Van der Veek, S. M. C., Rippe, R. C. A., & Mesman, J. (2019). Maternal feeding practices, health cognitions and children’s eating styles and weight status. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics,40(2), 122-130. doi: 10.1097/DBP.0000000000000640.
Beckerman, M., Van Berkel, S. R., Mesman, J., & Alink, L. R. A. (2018). Negative parental attributions mediate associations between risk factors and dysfunctional parenting: A replication and extension. Child Abuse & Neglect, 81, 249-258. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.05.001
Spinelli, M., & Mesman, J. (2018). The regulation of infant negative emotions: The role of maternal sensitivity and infant-directed speech prosody. Infancy, 23(4), 502-518. doi: 10.1111/infa.12237
Groeneveld, M. G., & Mesman, J. (2017). Attachment and disruptive disorders. In: J. E. Lochman & W. Matthys (Eds). The Wiley Handbook of Disruptive and Impulse-Control Disorders, (pp. 205-220). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Van Berkel, S. R., Groeneveld, M. G., Van der Pol, L. D., Endendijk, J. J., Hallers-Haalboom, E.T., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & Mesman, J. (2017). No! Don't touch the toys: Preschoolers' discipline towards their younger siblings. Infant and Child Development, 26(6). doi:10.1002/icd.2031
Beckerman, M., Van Berkel, S., Mesman, J., Alink, L. R. A. (2017). The role of negative parental attributions in the associations between daily stressors, maltreatment history, and harsh and abusive discipline. Child Abuse & Neglect, 64, 109-116. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.12.015
Spinelli, M., & Mesman, J. (2017). Does prosody make the difference? A meta-analysis on relations between prosodic aspects of infant-directed speech and infant outcomes. Developmental Review, 44, 1-18. doi: 10.1016/j.dr.2016.12.001
Smaling, H. J. A., Huijbregts, S., Suurland, J. Van der Heijden, K. & Mesman, J. (2016). Prenatal reflective functioning and accumulated risk as predictors of maternal interactive behavior during free play, the Still-Face Paradigm, and two teaching tasks. Infancy, 26(6), 766-784. doi: 10.1111/infa.12137
Camfferman, R., Jansen, P. W., Rippe, R. C. A., Mesman, J., Derks, I. P. M., Tiemeier, H., Jaddoe, V., & Van der Veek, S. M. C. (2016). The association between overweight and internalizing and externalizing behavior in early childhood. Social Science & Medicine, 168, 35-42. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.09.001
Negrão, M., Pereira, M., Soares I., & Mesman, J. (2015). Maternal attachment representation in relation to emotional availability and discipline behavior. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 13(1), 121-137. doi: 10.1080/17405629.2015.1071254
Yavuz, H. M., Van IJzendoorn, M. H., Mesman, J., & Van der Veek, S. (2015). Interventions aimed at reducing obesity in early childhood: A meta-analysis of programs that involve parents. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56(6), 677-692. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.12330
Van Berkel, S. R., Van der Pol, L. D., Groeneveld, M. G., Hallers-Haalboom, E. T., Endendijk, J. J., Mesman, J., & Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J. (2015). To share or not to share: Parental, sibling, and situational influences on sharing with a younger sibling. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 39(3), 235-241. doi:10.1177/0165025414537925.
Van Berkel, S. R., Groeneveld, M. G., Mesman, J., Endendijk J. J., Hallers-Haalboom E. T., Van der Pol, L. D., & Bakermans-Kranenburg M. J. (2015). Parental sensitivity towards toddlers and infant siblings predicting toddler sharing and compliance. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24(8), 2270-2279. doi: 10.1007/s10826-014-0029-y
Pereira, M., Mariana, M., Soares, I., & Mesman, J. (2015). Predicting harsh discipline in at-risk mothers: The moderating effect of socioeconomic deprivation severity. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24(3), 725–733. doi: 10.1007/s10826-013-9883-2
Pereira, M., Negrao, M., Soares, I., & Mesman, J. (2014). Decreasing harsh discipline in mothers at risk for maltreatment: A randomized control trial. Infant Mental Health Journal, 35(6), 604-613. doi: 10.1002/imhj.21464
Negrao, M., Pereira, M., Soares, I., Mesman, J. (2014). Enhancing positive parent-child interactions and family functioning in a poverty sample: A randomized control trial. Attachment and Human Development, 16(4), 315-328. doi: 10.1080/14616734.2014.912485
Mesman, J., & Emmen, R. A. G. (2013). Mary Ainsworth’s legacy: A systematic review of observational instruments measuring parental sensitivity. Attachment and Human Development, 15(5-6), 485-506. doi: 10.1080/14616734.2013.820900
Joosen, K., Mesman, J., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J. & Van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2013). Maternal overreactive sympathetic nervous system responses to repeated infant crying predicts risk for impulsive harsh discipline of infants. Child Maltreatment, 18(4), 252-263. doi: 10.1177/1077559513494762
Mesman, J., Linting, M., Joosen, K.J., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & Van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2013). Robust patterns and individual variations: Stability and predictors of infant behavior in the Still-Face Paradigm. Infant Behavior and Development, 36(4), 587-598. doi: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2013.06.004
Joosen, K., Mesman, J., Bakermans-Kranenburg, Pieper, S., Zeksind, P. S, & Van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2013). Physiological Reactivity to Infant Crying and Observed Maternal Sensitivity. Infancy, 18(3), 414-431. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-7078.2012.00122.x
Mesman, J., Oster, H., & Camras, L. (2012). Parental sensitivity to infant distress: What do discrete negative emotions have to do with it? Attachment and Human Development, 14(4), 337-348. doi: 10.1080/14616734.2012.691649
Joosen, K., Mesman, J., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2012). Maternal sensitivity to infants in various settings predicts harsh discipline in toddlerhood. Attachment and Human Development, 14(2), 101-117.doi: 10.1080/14616734.2012.661217
Mesman, J. (2010). Maternal responsiveness to infants: Comparing micro-level and macro-level measures. Attachment and Human Development, 12(1-2), 143-149. (invited paper). doi: 10.1080/14616730903484763
Mesman, J., Van IJzendoorn, M. H., & Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J. (2009). The many faces of the Still-Face Paradigm: A review and meta-analysis. Developmental Review, 29(2), 120-162. doi:10.1016/j.dr.2009.02.001
Mesman, J., Stoel, R., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Van IJzendoorn, M. H., Juffer, F., Koot, H. M., Alink, L. R. A. (2009). Predicting growth curves of early childhood externalizing problems: Differential susceptibility of children with difficult temperaments. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 37(5), 625 – 636. doi: 10.1007/s10802-009-9298-0
Alink, L. R. A., Mesman, J., Van Zeijl, J., Stolk, M. N., Juffer, F., Koot, H. M., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & Van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2009). Maternal sensitivity moderates the relation between negative discipline and aggression in early childhood. Social Development , 18(1), 99-120. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9507.2008.00478.x
Mesman, J., Alink., L. R. A., Van Zeijl., J., Stolk, M. N., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Van IJzendoorn, M. H., Juffer, F., & Koot, H. M. (2008). The observation of early childhood physical aggression: A psychometric study of the system for coding early physical aggression (SCEPA). Aggressive Behavior, 34(5), 539-552. doi: 10.1002/ab.20267
Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Van IJzendoorn, M. H., Mesman, J., Alink, L. R. A., & Juffer, F. (2008). Effects of an attachment-based intervention on daily cortisol moderated by DRD4: A randomized control trial on 1-3-year-olds screened for externalizing behavior. Development & Psychopathology, 20(3), 805-820. doi: 10.1017/S0954579408000382
Alink, L. R. A., Van IJzendoorn, M. H., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Mesman, J., Juffer, F., & Koot, H. M. (2008). Cortisol and externalizing behavior in children and adolescents: Mixed meta-analytic evidence for the inverse relation of basal cortisol and cortisol reactivity with externalizing behavior. Developmental Psychobiology, 50(5), 427-450. doi: 10.1002/dev.20300
Van IJzendoorn, M. H., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Mesman, J. (2008). Dopamine system genes associated with parenting in the context of daily hassles. Genes, Brain, and Behavior, 7(4), 403 – 410. doi: 10.1111/j.1601-183X.2007.00362.x
Stolk, M. N., Mesman, J., Van Zeijl, J., Alink, L. R. A., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Van IJzendoorn, M .H., Juffer, F., & Koot, H. M. (2008). Early parenting intervention aimed at maternal sensitivity and discipline: A process evaluation. Journal of Community Psychology, 36(6), 781 – 797. doi: 10.1002/jcop.20280
Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Van IJzendoorn, M. H., Pijlman, F. T. A., Mesman, J., & Juffer, F. (2008). Experimental evidence for differential susceptibility: Dopamine D4 receptor polymorphism (DRD4 VNTR) moderates intervention effects on toddlers’ externalizing behavior in a randomized control trial. Developmental Psychology, 44(1), 293 – 300. doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.44.1.293
Stolk, M. N., Mesman, J., Van Zeijl, J., Alink, L. R. A., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Van IJzendoorn, M. H., Juffer, F., Koot, H. M. (2008). Early parenting intervention: Family risk and first-time parenting related to intervention effectiveness. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 17(1), 55 – 83. doi: 10.1007/s10826-007-9136-3
Van Zeijl, J., Mesman, J., Stolk, M. N., Alink, L. R. A., Van IJzendoorn, M. H., Juffer, F., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & Koot, H. M. (2007). Differential susceptibility to discipline: The moderating effect of child temperament on the association between maternal discipline and early externalizing problems. Journal of Family Psychology, 21(4), 626 – 636. doi: 10.1037/0893-3200.21.4.626
Van Zeijl, J., Mesman, J., Van IJzendoorn, M. H., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Juffer, F., Stolk, M. N., Koot, H. M., & Alink, L. R. A. (2006). Attachment-based intervention for enhancing sensitive discipline in mothers of 1- to 3-year-old children at risk for externalizing behavior problems: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74(6), 994 – 1005. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.74.6.994
Alink, L. R. A., Mesman, J., Van Zeijl, J., Stolk, M. N., Juffer, F., Koot, H. M., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & Van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2006). The early childhood aggression curve: Development of physical aggression in 10- to 50-month-old children. Child Development, 77(4), 954-966. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2006.00912.x
Van Zeijl, J., Mesman, J., Stolk, M. N., Alink, L .R. A., Van IJzendoorn, M. H., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Juffer, F., & Koot, H. M. (2006). Terrible ones? Assessment of externalizing behaviors in infancy with the child behavior checklist. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47(8), 801-810. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01616.x